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2004 FORESTER SERVICE MANUAL

QUICK REFERENCE INDEX

ENGINE SECTION 1

This service manual has been prepared
to provide SUBARU service personnel
with the necessary information and data
for the correct maintenance and repair
of SUBARU vehicles.
This manual includes the procedures
for maintenance, disassembling, reassembling, inspection and adjustment of
components and diagnostics for guidance of experienced mechanics.
Please peruse and utilize this manual
fully to ensure complete repair work for
satisfying our customers by keeping
their vehicle in optimum condition.
When replacement of parts during
repair work is needed, be sure to use
SUBARU genuine parts.

FUEL INJECTION (FUEL SYSTEM)

FU(H4SO)

EMISSION CONTROL
(AUX. EMISSION CONTROL DEVICE)

EC(H4SO)

INTAKE (INDUCTION)

IN(H4SO)

MECHANICAL

ME(H4SO)

EXHAUST

EX(H4SO)

COOLING

CO(H4SO)

LUBRICATION

LU(H4SO)

SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

SP(H4SO)

IGNITION

IG(H4SO)

STARTING/CHARGING SYSTEM

SC(H4SO)

ENGINE (DIAGNOSTIC)

EN(H4SO)

All information, illustration and specifications contained in this manual are
based on the latest product information
available at the time of publication
approval.
FUJI HEAVY INDUSTRIES LTD.

G8080GE2

MECHANICAL

ME(H4SO)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

Page
General Description ....................................................................................2
Compression .............................................................................................25
Idle Speed .................................................................................................26
Ignition Timing...........................................................................................27
Intake Manifold Vacuum............................................................................28
Engine Oil Pressure ..................................................................................29
Fuel Pressure............................................................................................30
Valve Clearance........................................................................................31
Engine Assembly ......................................................................................34
Engine Mounting .......................................................................................41
Preparation for Overhaul...........................................................................42
V-belt.........................................................................................................43
Crank Pulley..............................................................................................45
Timing Belt Cover......................................................................................47
Timing Belt ................................................................................................48
Cam Sprocket ...........................................................................................53
Crank Sprocket .........................................................................................55
Valve Rocker Assembly ............................................................................56
Camshaft...................................................................................................58
Cylinder Head ...........................................................................................62
Cylinder Block ...........................................................................................69
Engine Trouble in General ........................................................................91
Engine Noise.............................................................................................96

Cam Sprocket
MECHANICAL

16.Cam Sprocket

B: INSTALLATION

A: REMOVAL

1) Install the cam sprocket No. 1. To lock the camshaft, use ST.
ST 499207400
CAM SPROCKET WRENCH

1. REMOVAL
1) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, REMOVAL, V-belt.>
2) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
3) Remove the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
4) Remove the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-48, REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
5) Remove the camshaft position sensor. <Ref. to
FU(H4SO)-27, REMOVAL, Camshaft Position
Sensor.>
6) Remove the cam sprocket No. 2. To lock the
camshaft, use ST.
ST 18231AA010 CAM SPROCKET WRENCH

Tightening torque:
78 N⋅m (8.0 kgf-m, 57.9 ft-lb)
NOTE:
Do not confuse the right and left side cam sprockets during installation. The cam sprocket No. 2 is
identified by a projection used to monitor camshaft
position sensor.
ST

NOTE:
Also the CAM SPROCKET WRENCH (499207100)
can be used.
ME-00251

2) Install the cam sprocket No. 2. Use ST to lock
camshaft.
ST 18231AA010 CAM SPROCKET WRENCH
NOTE:
Also the CAM SPROCKET WRENCH (499207100)
can be used.
Tightening torque:
78 N⋅m (8.0 kgf-m, 57.9 ft-lb)

ST
ME-00250

7) Remove the cam sprocket No. 1. Use ST to lock
the camshaft.
ST 499207400
CAM SPROCKET WRENCH
ST

ST
ME-00250

ME-00251

3) Install the camshaft position sensor. <Ref. to
FU(H4SO)-27, INSTALLATION, Camshaft Position
Sensor.>
4) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
5) Install the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
6) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
7) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>

ME(H4SO)-53

Cam Sprocket
MECHANICAL

C: INSPECTION
1) Check the cam sprocket teeth for abnormal wear
and scratches.
2) Make sure there is no free play between cam
sprocket and key.
3) Check the cam sprocket notch for sensor for
damage and contamination of foreign matter.

ME(H4SO)-54

Crank Sprocket
MECHANICAL

17.Crank Sprocket
A: REMOVAL
1) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, REMOVAL, V-belt.>
2) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
3) Remove the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
4) Remove the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-48, REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
5) Remove the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, REMOVAL, Cam Sprocket.>
6) Remove the crank sprocket.

ME-00252

B: INSTALLATION
1) Install the crank sprocket.

ME-00252

2) Install the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-53,
INSTALLATION, Cam Sprocket.>
3) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
4) Install the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
5) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
6) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>

C: INSPECTION
1) Check the crank sprocket teeth for abnormal
wear and scratches.
2) Make sure there is no free play between crank
sprocket and key.
3) Check the crank sprocket notch for sensor for
damage and contamination of foreign matter.

ME(H4SO)-55

Valve Rocker Assembly
MECHANICAL

18.Valve Rocker Assembly

Tightening torque:
25 N⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.1 ft-lb)

A: REMOVAL
1) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, REMOVAL, V-belt.>
2) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
3) Remove the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
4) Remove the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-48, REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
5) Remove the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, REMOVAL, Cam Sprocket.>
6) Disconnect the PCV hose and remove rocker
cover.
7) Removal of valve rocker assembly
(1) Remove the bolts (a) through (h) in alphabetical sequence.
NOTE:
Leave two or three threads of bolts (g and h) engaged to retain the valve rocker assembly.
(b)

(h)

(f)

(d)

(g)

(f)

(a)

(d)

(e)

(c)

(b)

(h)

ME-00255

2) Adjust the valve clearances. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)32, ADJUSTMENT, Valve Clearance.>
3) Install the rocker cover and connect PCV hose.
4) Install the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-53,
INSTALLATION, Cam Sprocket.>
5) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
6) Install the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
7) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
8) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>

C: DISASSEMBLY

(c)

(e)

(g)

(a)

ME-00253

1) Remove the bolts which secure rocker shaft.
2) Extract the rocker shaft. Remove the valve rocker arms, springs and shaft supports from rocker
shaft.
NOTE:
Arrange all removed parts in order so that they can
be installed in their original positions.
3) Remove the nut and adjusting screw from valve
rocker.

(2) Remove the valve rocker assembly.

ME-00254

B: INSTALLATION
1) Installation of valve rocker assembly
(1) Temporarily tighten the bolts (a) through (d)
equally as shown in the figure.
NOTE:
Do not allow the valve rocker assembly to gouge
knock pins.
(2) Tighten the bolts (e) through (h) to specified
torque.
(3) Tighten the bolts (a) through (d) to specified
torque.

ME(H4SO)-56

Valve Rocker Assembly
MECHANICAL

D: ASSEMBLY
1) Install the adjusting screw and nut to valve rocker.
2) Arrange the valve rocker arms, springs and shaft
supports in assembly order and insert valve rocker
shaft.
Tightening torque (Shaft supports installing
bolts):
5 N⋅m (0.5 kgf-m, 3.6 ft-lb)
NOTE:
Valve rocker arms, rocker shaft and shaft supports
have identification marks. Ensure the parts with
same markings are properly assembled.
3) Install the valve rocker shaft securing bolts.

2) If oil clearance exceeds the limit, replace the
valve rocker arm or shaft, whichever shows greater
amount of wear.
Rocker arm inside diameter:
22.020 — 22.041 mm (0.8669 — 0.8678 in)
Rocker shaft diameter:
21.987 — 22.000 mm (0.8656 — 0.8661 in)
3) If cam or valve contact surface of valve rocker
arm is worn or dented excessively, replace the
valve rocker arm.
4) Check that the valve rocker arm roller rotates
smoothly. If not, replace the valve rocker arm.

E: INSPECTION
1. VALVE ROCKER ARM AND ROCKER
SHAFT
1) Measure the inside diameter of valve rocker arm
and outside diameter of valve rocker shaft, and determine the difference between the two (= oil clearance).
Clearance between arm and shaft:
Standard
0.020 — 0.054 mm (0.0008 — 0.0021 in)
Limit
0.10 mm (0.0039 in)

ME-00256

ME-00257

ME(H4SO)-57

Camshaft
MECHANICAL

19.Camshaft

(1) Remove the bolts (a) through (b) in alphabetical sequence.

A: REMOVAL
1) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>
2) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
3) Remove the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
4) Remove the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-48, REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
5) Remove the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, REMOVAL, Cam Sprocket.>
6) Remove the crank sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)55, REMOVAL, Crank Sprocket.>
7) Remove the belt cover No. 2 (LH).
8) Remove the belt cover No. 2 (RH).

(a)

(b)

ME-00260

(2) Equally loosen the bolts (c) through (j) all the
way in alphabetical sequence.
(e)

(c)

(i)

NOTE:
Do not damage or lose the seal rubber when removing belt covers.

(g)

(h)
(j)
(f)

(d)

ME-00261

(3) Remove the bolts (k) through (p) in alphabetical sequence using ST.
ST 499497000
TORX PLUS
ME-00258

(m)

(k)

(p)

(l)

(o)

9) Remove the tensioner bracket.

( n ) ME-00262

(4) Remove the camshaft cap.
ME-00259

10) Remove the camshaft position sensor support.
(LH side only)
11) Remove the oil level gauge guide. (LH side only)
12) Remove the valve rocker assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-56, REMOVAL, Valve Rocker Assembly.>
13) Remove the camshaft cap.
ME-00263

14) Remove the camshaft.
15) Remove the oil seal.

ME(H4SO)-58

Camshaft
MECHANICAL

16) Remove the plug from rear side of camshaft.

(3) Install the valve rocker assembly.

CAUTION:
• Do not remove the oil seal unless necessary.
• Do not scratch the journal surface when removing oil seal.

B: INSTALLATION
1) Apply a coat of engine oil to the camshaft journals, and then install the camshaft.
2) Install the camshaft cap.
(1) Apply liquid gasket on the around of camshaft cap.
Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1280B (Part No. K0877YA018)

ME-00267

(4) Tighten the bolts (a) through (h) in alphabetical sequence.
Tightening torque:
25 N⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.1 ft-lb)
(g)

(c)

(a)

(e)
(f)
(h)

ME-00264

NOTE:
Apply a coat of 3 mm (0.12 in) dia (A). liquid gasket
along edge (B) of the camshaft cap (C) mating surface.

(d)

(b)

ME-00268

(5) Tighten the TORX bolts (i) through (n) in alphabetical sequence using ST.
ST 499497000
TORX PLUS
Tightening torque:
18 N⋅m (1.8 kgf-m, 13.0 ft-lb)

(A)

(i)

(k)

(m)

(B)
(C)

ME-00265

(2) Temporarily tighten the bolts (g) through (j)
in alphabetical sequence.

(l)
(n)
(j)

(i)
(g)

(h)
(j)
ME-00266

ME(H4SO)-59

ME-00269

Camshaft
MECHANICAL

(6) Tighten the bolts (o) through (v) in alphabetical sequence.
Tightening torque:
10 N⋅m (1.0 kgf-m, 7.2 ft-lb)

Tightening torque:
25 N⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.1 ft-lb)

(q)

(o)

7) Install the oil level gauge guide. (LH side only)
8) Install the camshaft position sensor support. (LH
side only)
9) Install the tensioner bracket.

(u)
(s)

(t)
(v)
(p)

(r)

ME-00270

(7) Tighten the bolts (w) through (x) in alphabetical sequence.

ME-00273

10) Install the belt cover No. 2 (RH).

Tightening torque:
10 N⋅m (1.0 kgf-m, 7.2 ft-lb)

Tightening torque:
5 N⋅m (0.5 kgf-m, 3.6 ft-lb)
11) Install the belt cover No. 2 (LH).
Tightening torque:
5 N⋅m (0.5 kgf-m, 3.6 ft-lb)

(w)

(x)

ME-00271

3) Apply a coat of grease to oil seal lips, and then
install the oil seal (A) on camshaft using ST1 and
ST2.
NOTE:
Use a new oil seal.
ST1 499597000 OIL SEAL GUIDE
ST2 499587500 OIL SEAL INSTALLER

ME-00274

12) Install the crank sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)55, INSTALLATION, Crank Sprocket.>
13) Install the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, INSTALLATION, Cam Sprocket.>
14) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
15) Install the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
16) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
17) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>

S T1

S T2
(A)
ME-00272

4) Install the plug using ST.
ST 499587700
CAMSHAFT OIL SEAL INSTALLER
5) Adjust the valve clearance. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)32, ADJUSTMENT, Valve Clearance.>
6) Install the rocker cover and connect PCV hose.

ME(H4SO)-60

Camshaft
MECHANICAL

C: INSPECTION

Cam base circle diameter A:
IN: 34.00 mm (1.3386 in)
EX: 34.00 mm (1.3386 in)

1. CAMSHAFT
1) Measure the bend, and repair or replace if necessary.
Limit:
0.025 mm (0.0010 in)

H

A

ME-00276

2. CAMSHAFT SUPPORT

ME-00275

2) Check the journal for damage and wear. Replace if faulty.
3) Measure the outside diameter of camshaft journal and inside diameter of cylinder head journal,
and determine the difference between two (= oil
clearance). If the oil clearance exceeds specifications, replace the camshaft or cylinder head as
necessary.
Clearance at
journal

Standard

Measure the thrust clearance of camshaft with dial
gauge. If the clearance exceeds the limit, replace
the camshaft support.
Standard:
0.030 — 0.090 mm (0.0012 — 0.0035 in)
Limit:
0.10 mm (0.0039 in)

Unit: mm (in)
0.055 — 0.090 (0.0022 — 0.0035)

Limit

0.10 (0.0039)

Camshaft journal O.D.
Journal hole I.D.

31.928 — 31.945 (1.2570 —
1.2577)
32.000 — 32.018 (1.2598 —
1.2605)

4) Check the cam face condition; remove the minor
faults by grinding with oil stone. Measure the cam
height H; replace if the limit has been exceeded.
Cam height: H
Model

Item
Intake

STD
Limit

2.0 L
Exhaust

STD
Limit

Intake

STD
Limit

2.5 L
Exhaust

STD
Limit

Unit: mm (in)
38.732 — 38.832
(1.5249 — 1.528885)
38.632 (1.5209)
39.259 — 39.359
(1.5456 — 1.5496)
39.157 (1.5416)
39.485 — 39.585
(1.5545 — 1.5585)
39.385 (1.5506)
39.259 — 39.359
(1.5456 — 1.5496)
39.157 (1.5416)

ME(H4SO)-61

ME-00277

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

20.Cylinder Head
A: REMOVAL
1) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, REMOVAL, V-belt.>
2) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
3) Remove the timing belt cover. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-47, REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
4) Remove the timing belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-48,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
5) Remove the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, REMOVAL, Cam Sprocket.>
6) Remove the intake manifold. <Ref. to FU(H4SO)14, REMOVAL, Intake Manifold.>
7) Remove the bolt which installs A/C compressor
bracket on cylinder head.
8) Remove the valve rocker assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-56, REMOVAL, Valve Rocker Assembly.>
9) Remove the camshaft. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-58,
REMOVAL, Camshaft.>
10) Remove the cylinder head bolts in alphabetical
sequence shown in the figure.
NOTE:
Leave the bolts (a) and (c) engaged by three or four
threads to prevent cylinder head from falling.

B: INSTALLATION
1) Install the cylinder head and gaskets on cylinder
block.
CAUTION:
• Use new cylinder head gaskets.
• Be careful not to scratch the mating surface
of cylinder block and cylinder head.
2) Tighten the cylinder head bolts.
(1) Apply a coat of engine oil to washers and
bolt threads.
(2) Tighten all bolts to 29 N⋅m (3.0 kgf-m, 22 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
Then tighten all bolts to 69 N⋅m (7.0 kgf-m, 51 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
(3) Back off all bolts by 180° in reverse order of
installation, and back them off again by 180°.
(4) Tighten all bolts to 42 N⋅m (3.9 kgf-m, 31 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
(5) Tighten all bolts by 80° — 90° in alphabetical sequence.
(6) Tighten all bolts by 40° — 45° in alphabetical sequence.
NOTE:
Do not tighten the bolts more than 45°.
(7) Further tighten bolts (a) and (b) by 40° —
45°.

(c)

(e)

CAUTION:
Do not scratch the mating surface of cylinder
head and cylinder block.
14) Similarly, remove the right side cylinder head.

(a)

NOTE:
Ensure the total “re-tightening angle” in the [former
two steps], do not exceed 90°.

(b)
(f)
(d)

(f)

(a)

ME-00278

11) While tapping the cylinder head with a plastic
hammer, separate it from cylinder block.
12) Remove the bolts (a) and (c) to remove cylinder
head.

(c)

(d)

(c)

(e)

(b)
(e)

(a)

(b)
(f)
(d)

13) Remove the cylinder head gasket.

ME-00278

ME-00279

3) Install the camshaft. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-59, INSTALLATION, Camshaft.>
4) Install the valve rocker assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-56, INSTALLATION, Valve Rocker Assembly.>
5) Install the A/C compressor bracket on cylinder
head.
6) Install the intake manifold. <Ref. to FU(H4SO)16, INSTALLATION, Intake Manifold.>

ME(H4SO)-62

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

7) Install the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-53,
INSTALLATION, Cam Sprocket.>
8) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
9) Install the timing belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)47, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
10) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
11) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>

C: DISASSEMBLY
1) Place the cylinder head on ST.
ST 498267800
CYLINDER HEAD TABLE
2) Set the ST on valve spring. Compress the valve
spring, and then remove the valve spring retainer
key. Remove each valve and valve spring.
ST 499718000
VALVE SPRING REMOVER
CAUTION:
• Mark each valve to prevent confusion.
• Use extreme care not to damage the lips of intake valve oil seals and exhaust valve oil seals.

ST

ME-00280

ME(H4SO)-63

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

D: ASSEMBLY
(8)

(1)

(3)

(5)

(7)
(11)
(12)

(2)

(4)

(6)

(9)

(10)
(13)

ME-00281

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Valve
Valve guide
Valve spring seat
Oil seal
Valve spring

(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Retainer
Retainer key
Spark plug gasket
Camshaft
Oil seal

1) Installation of valve spring and valve
(1) Place the cylinder head on ST.
ST 498267800
CYLINDER HEAD TABLE
(2) Coat the stem of each valve with engine oil
and insert valve into valve guide.

ST

(11)
(12)
(13)

Plug
Camshaft cap
Valve rocker ASSY

(4) Set the ST on valve spring.
499718000
VALVE SPRING REMOVER

ST

NOTE:
When inserting the valve into valve guide, use special care not to damage the oil seal lip.
(3) Install the valve spring and retainer.
NOTE:
Be sure to install the valve springs with their closecoiled end facing the seat on the cylinder head.

ME(H4SO)-64

ME-00280

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

(5) Compress the valve spring, and then fit the
valve spring retainer key.

(B)

(B)

(A)

ME-00282

(A) Retainer
(B) Valve spring

(6) After installing, tap the valve spring retainers
lightly with plastic hammer for better seating.

E: INSPECTION
1. VALVE SPRING
1) Check the valve springs for damage, free length,
and tension. Replace the valve spring if it is not
within the standard value presented in the table.
2) To measure the squareness of valve spring,
stand the spring on a surface plate and measure its
deflection at the top using a try square.
Free length
Squareness

Tension/spring
height

54.30 mm (2.1378 in)
2.5°, 2.4 mm (0.094 in)
215 — 246 N
(21.9 — 25.1 kgf, 48.2 — 55.3 lb)/
45.0 mm (1.772 in)
527 — 582 N
(53.7 — 59.3 kgf, 118.1 — 130.8 lb)/
34.7 mm (1.366 in)

ME-00283

2. INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVE OIL
SEAL
In the following case, pinch and remove the oil seal
from valve using pliers, and then replace it with a
new one.
• When the lip is damaged.
• When the spring is out of the specified position.

• When readjusting the surfaces of intake valve
and valve sheet.
• When replacing the intake valve guide.
1) Place the cylinder head on ST1.
2) Using ST2, press-fit the oil seal.
CAUTION:
• Apply engine oil to oil seal before press-fitting.
• When press-fitting oil seal, do not use hammer or strike in.
• Differentiate between intake valve oil seal
and exhaust valve oil seal by noting their difference in color.
ST1 498267800 CYLINDER HEAD TABLE
ST2 498857100 VALVE OIL SEAL GUIDE
Color of rubber part:
Intake [Black]
Exhaust [Brown]
Color of spring part:
Intake [Silver]
Exhaust [Silver]

ST2

ST1

ME-00284

F: ADJUSTMENT
1. CYLINDER HEAD
1) Make sure that no crack or other damage exists.
In addition to visual inspection, inspect important
areas by means of red lead check.
Also make sure that gasket installing surface
shows no trace of gas and water leaks.
2) Place the cylinder head on ST.
ST 498267800
CYLINDER HEAD TABLE
3) Measure the warping of the cylinder head surface that mates with crankcase using a straight
edge and thickness gauge.
If the warping exceeds the limit, regrind the surface
with a surface grinder.
Warping limit:
0.05 mm (0.0020 in)
Grinding limit:
0.1 mm (0.004 in)
Standard height of cylinder head:
97.5 mm (3.839 in)

ME(H4SO)-65

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

NOTE:
Uneven torque for the cylinder head bolts can cause
warping. When reassembling, pay special attention
to the torque so as to tighten evenly.
(A)

(B)

ST
ME-00285

3. VALVE GUIDE
1) Check the clearance between valve guide and
stem. The clearance can be checked by measuring
the outside diameter of valve stem and the inside
diameter of valve guide with outside and inside micrometers respectively.
Clearance between the valve guide and valve
stem:
Standard
Intake 0.035 — 0.062 mm (0.0014 — 0.0024
in)
Exhaust 0.040 — 0.067 mm (0.0016 —
0.0026 in)
Limit
0.15 mm (0.0059 in)

(A) Straight edge
(B) Thickness gauge

2. VALVE SEAT
Inspect the intake and exhaust valve seats, and
then correct the contact surfaces with valve seat
cutter if they are defective or when valve guides are
replaced.
Valve seat width: W
Intake (A)
Standard 1.1 mm (0.043 in)
Limit 1.8 mm (0.071 in)
Exhaust (B)
Standard 1.5 mm (0.059 in)
Limit 2.2 mm (0.087 in)

(A)
ME-00288

(A) Valve guide

Y
X

(A)

W

(B)

W

ME-00397

ME-00289

2) If the clearance between valve guide and stem
exceeds the standard value, replace the valve
guide or valve itself whichever shows greater
amount of wear. See the following procedure for
valve guide replacement.
Valve guide inner diameter:
6.000 — 6.012 mm (0.2362 — 0.2367 in)

ME-00287

Valve stem outer diameters:
Intake
5.950 — 5.965 mm (0.2343 — 0.2348 in)
Exhaust
5.945 — 5.960 mm (0.2341 — 0.2346 in)
(1) Place the cylinder head on ST1 with the
combustion chamber upward so that valve
guides enter the holes in ST1.

ME(H4SO)-66

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

(2) Insert the ST2 into valve guide and press it
down to remove valve guide.
ST1 498267800 CYLINDER HEAD TABLE
ST2 499767200 VALVE GUIDE REMOVER

ST1 499767200
Intake side:
ST2 499767700
Exhaust side:
ST2 499767800

VALVE GUIDE REMOVER
VALVE GUIDE ADJUSTER
VALVE GUIDE ADJUSTER

ST1
ST2

ST2

ST1
ME-00290

(3) Turn the cylinder head upside down and
place ST as shown in the figure.
Intake side:
ST 499767700
VALVE GUIDE ADJUSTER
Exhaust side:
ST 499767800
VALVE GUIDE ADJUSTER

ME-00292

(6) Check the valve guide protrusion.
Valve guide protrusion: L
Intake
20.0 — 20.5 mm (0.787 — 0.807 in)
Exhaust
16.5 — 17.0 mm (0.650 — 0.669 in)

ST
L

(A)
ME-00291
(A)
ME-00293

(A) Valve guide

(4) Before installing new oversize valve guide,
make sure that neither scratches nor damages
exist on the inside surface of valve guide holes
in cylinder head.
(5) Put new valve guide, coated with sufficient
oil, in the cylinder, and then insert the ST1 into
valve guide. Press in until the valve guide upper
end is flush with the upper surface of ST2.

(A) Valve guide

(7) Ream the inside of valve guide with ST.
Gently rotate the reamer clockwise while pressing it lightly into valve guide, and return it also rotating clockwise. After reaming, clean the valve
guide to remove chips.
CAUTION:
• Apply engine oil to the reamer when reaming.
• If the inner surface of the valve guide is torn,
the edge of the reamer should be slightly
ground with an oil stone.
• If the inner surface of the valve guide becomes lustrous and the reamer does not chips,
use a new reamer or remedy the reamer.

ME(H4SO)-67

Cylinder Head
MECHANICAL

ST

499767400

VALVE GUIDE REAMER

2) Put a small amount of grinding compound on the
seat surface and lap the valve and seat surface.
<Ref. to ME(H4SO)-66, VALVE SEAT, ADJUSTMENT, Cylinder Head.> Install a new intake valve
oil seal after lapping.

ME-00294

(8) Recheck the contact condition between
valve and valve seat after replacing valve guide.

4. INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVE
1) Inspect the flange and stem of valve, and replace if damaged, worn, or deformed, or if “H” is
less than the specified limit.
H:
Intake
Standard 1.0 mm (0.039 in)
Limit 0.6 mm (0.024 in)
Exhaust
Standard 1.2 mm (0.047 in)
Limit 0.6 mm (0.024 in)
Valve overall length:
Intake
120.6 mm (4.75 in)
Exhaust
121.7 mm (4.79 in)

H

H

ME-00295

ME(H4SO)-68

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

21.Cylinder Block

12) Remove the bolts (a) and (c) to remove cylinder
head.

A: REMOVAL
NOTE:
Before conducting this procedure, drain the engine
oil completely.
1) Remove the intake manifold. <Ref. to FU(H4SO)14, REMOVAL, Intake Manifold.>
2) Remove the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, REMOVAL, V-belt.>
3) Remove the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
4) Remove the timing belt cover. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-47, REMOVAL, Timing Belt Cover.>
5) Remove the timing belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-48,
REMOVAL, Timing Belt.>
6) Remove the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, REMOVAL, Cam Sprocket.>
7) Remove the crank sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)45, REMOVAL, Crank Pulley.>
8) Remove the generator and A/C compressor with
their brackets.
9) Remove the rocker cover.
10) Remove the cylinder head bolts in alphabetical
sequence shown in the figure.
NOTE:
Leave bolts (a) and (c) engaged by three or four
threads to prevent cylinder head from falling.
(a)

(e)

(a)

(e)

(c)

(A)

(d)

(f)

(b)

ME-00296

(A) Front

13) Remove the cylinder head gasket.
NOTE:
Do not scratch the mating surface of cylinder head
and cylinder block.
14) Similarly, remove the right side cylinder head.
15) Remove the clutch housing cover. (MT model)
16) Remove the flywheel (MT model) or drive plate
(AT model).
Using the ST, lock the crankshaft.
ST 498497100
CRANKSHAFT STOPPER
• MT model

(c)

(A)

ST

(d)

(f)

(b)

NE-00297

• AT model
ME-00296

(A) Front

11) While tapping the cylinder head with a plastic
hammer, separate it from cylinder block.

ME-00298

ME(H4SO)-69

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

NOTE:
Using STs, remove the flywheel. (2.5 L MT model)
ST1 498497100 CRANKSHAFT STOPPER
ST2 499057000 TORX PLUS
(A)

(3) Insert a oil pan cutter blade between cylinder block-to-oil pan clearance, and then remove
the oil pan.
NOTE:
Do not use a screwdriver or similar tool in place of
oil pan cutter.

ST2

ST1

ME-00382

(A) Flywheel

ME-00137

17) Remove the oil separator cover.
18) Remove the water by-pass pipe for heater.
19) Loosen the bolts in alphabetical sequence as
shown in the figure, and then remove water pump.
(B)

22) Remove the oil strainer stay.
23) Remove the oil strainer.
24) Remove the baffle plate.
25) Remove the oil filter using ST.
ST 498547000
OIL FILTER WRENCH

(C)
(A)
(D)
(F)
(E)

ST
ME-00333

20) Remove the oil pump from cylinder block.
Use a flat-tip screwdriver as shown in the figure
when removing the oil pump.
NOTE:
Be careful not to scratch the mating surface of cylinder block and oil pump.

ME-00138

21) Removal of oil pan
(1) Turn the cylinder block to face the #2 and #4
piston sides upward.
(2) Remove the bolts which secure oil pan to
cylinder block.

ME(H4SO)-70

ME-00299

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

26) Remove the water pipe.

ME-00300

(2)

(1)

(3)
(4)
(6)
(4)

(3)

(5)

(4)
(2)

(3)

(1)

(4)
(3)
(1)

(2)
ME-00139

(1)
(2)

Service hole plug
Gasket

(3)
(4)

Snap ring
Piston pin

27) Remove the service hole cover and service
hole plugs using hexagon wrench [14 mm (0.55
in)].

(5)
(6)

Service hole cover
O-ring

28) Rotate the crankshaft to bring #1 and #2 pistons to bottom dead center position, and then remove the piston snap ring through service hole of
#1 and #2 cylinders using needle nose plier.

ME-00140
ME-00141

ME(H4SO)-71

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

29) Draw out the piston pin from #1 and #2 pistons
using ST.
ST 499097700
PISTON PIN REMOVER
NOTE:
Be careful not to confuse the original combination
of piston, piston pin and cylinder.

ST

30) Similarly remove the piston pins from #3 and #4
pistons.
31) Remove the bolts which connect cylinder block
on the side of #2 and #4 cylinders.
32) Back off the bolts which connect cylinder block
on the side of #1 and #3 cylinders two or three
turns.
33) Set up the cylinder block so that #1 and #3 cylinders are on the upper side, and then remove the
cylinder block connecting bolts.
34) Separate the cylinder blocks (RH) and (LH).
NOTE:
When separating the cylinder block, do not allow
the connecting rod to fall and damage the cylinder
block.

ME-00142

(5)

(1)
(4)

(2)
(4)

(3)

(1)

(5)
ME-00143

(1)
(2)

Cylinder block
Rear oil seal

(3)
(4)

Crankshaft
Crankshaft bearing

35) Remove the rear oil seal.
36) Remove the crankshaft together with connecting rod.
37) Remove the crankshaft bearings from cylinder
block using hammer handle.

(5)

Piston

38) Draw out each piston from cylinder block using
wooden bar or hammer handle.
NOTE:
Do not confuse the combination of piston and cylinder.

NOTE:
Do not confuse the combination of crankshaft bearings. Press bearing at the end opposite to locking
lip.

ME(H4SO)-72

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

B: INSTALLATION

(1)

(4)

(1)

(3)

(2)
(3)

ME-00144

(1)
(2)

Crankshaft bearing
Crankshaft

(3)

Cylinder block

NOTE:
Remove oil in the mating surface of bearing and
cylinder block before installation. Also apply a coat
of engine oil to crankshaft pins.
1) Position the crankshaft on #2 and #4 cylinder
block.
2) Apply liquid gasket to the mating surface of #1
and #3 cylinder block, and position it on #2 and #4
cylinder block.

(4)

Rear oil seal

NOTE:
Do not allow liquid gasket to jut into O-ring grooves,
oil passages, bearing grooves, etc.

Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1215 (Part No. 004403007) or
equivalent
ME-00145

3) Apply engine oil to washers and bolt threads.

ME(H4SO)-73

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

4) Tighten the 10 mm cylinder block connecting
bolts on LH side (A — D) in alphabetical sequence.

7) Further tighten the RH side bolts (E — J) to 90°
in alphabetical sequence.

Tightening torque:
15 N⋅m (1.5 kgf-m, 10.8 ft-lb)
(G)

(E)
(J)

(A)
(D)

(H)
(I)

(F)

(B)

ME-00399
(C)
ME-00398

5) Tighten the 10 mm cylinder block connecting
bolts on RH side (E — J) in alphabetical sequence.
Tightening torque:
15 N⋅m (1.5 kgf-m, 10.8 ft-lb)

8) Tighten the 8 mm and 6 mm cylinder block connecting bolts on LH side (A — H) in alphabetical sequence.
Tightening torque:
(A) — (G): 25 N⋅m (2.5 kgf-m, 18.1 ft-lb)
(H): 6.4 N⋅m (0.65 kgf-m, 4.7 ft-lb)
(G)
(C)

(E)
(G)

(A)

(B)

(E)
(J)

(H)
(I)

(F)

(D)
ME-00399

6) Further tighten the LH side bolts (A — D) to 90°
in alphabetical sequence.

(F)

(H)

ME-00147

9) Install the rear oil seal using ST1 and ST2.
ST1 499597100 OIL SEAL GUIDE
ST2 499587200 OIL SEAL INSTALLER
(B)

(A)

(A)

ST2

(D)

(B)
(C)
ST1

ME-00398

ME-00148

(A) Rear oil seal
(B) Fly wheel attaching bolt

10) Position the top ring gap at (A) or (B) in the figure.
11) Position the second ring gap at 180° on the reverse side for top ring gap.
• 2.0 L model

ME(H4SO)-74

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

13) Position the lower rail gap at (D) in the figure.
• 2.0 L model

180˚

25˚

B0SH

B0SH
ME-00383

• 2.5 L model
ME-00385

• 2.5 L model

(D)

5SH
(C)

ME-00401

5SH

12) Position the expander gap at (C) in the figure.
• 2.0 L model

ME-00402

NOTE:
Align the lower rail stopper (F) to the lateral hole (E)
on the piston.

B0SH

ME-00384

• 2.5 L model
ME-00304

14) Position the upper rail gap at (G) in the figure.
• 2.0 L model

5SH
(C)

(G)

ME-00841

B0SH

ME-00414

ME(H4SO)-75

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

• 2.5 L model

• 2.5 L model

(G)

5SH

(A)

5SH
ME-00415

CAUTION:
• Ensure ring gaps do not face the same direction.
• Ensure ring gaps are not within the piston
skirt area.
15) Install snap ring.
Install snap rings in the piston holes located opposite service holes in cylinder block, when positioning all pistons in the corresponding cylinders.
NOTE:
Use new snap rings.
#3

#1

#4

(A)

#2

ME-00306

(A) Front side

CAUTION:
Piston front mark faces towards the front of the
engine.
• 2.0 L model

B0SH

ME-00387

ME(H4SO)-76

ME-00404

(A) Front mark

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

(5)

T

(4)
(1)

(5)

(3)

(4)
(3)

(2)

(2)

(1)

ME-00155

(1)
(2)
(3)

Piston
Piston pin
Circlip

(4)
(5)

Tightening torque: N⋅m (kgf-m, ft-lb)
T: 70 (7.0, 50.6)

Gasket
Service hole plug

16) Installing piston
(1) Turn the cylinder block to face the #1 and #2
piston side upward.
(2) Using the ST1, turn the crankshaft so that
#1 and #2 connecting rods are set at bottom
dead center.
ST1 499987500 CRANKSHAFT SOCKET
(3) Apply a coat of engine oil to pistons and cylinders, and then insert the pistons in their cylinders using ST2.
ST2 398744300 PISTON GUIDE (2.0 L model)
ST2 498747300 PISTON GUIDE (2.5 L model)

ST3

499017100

PISTON PIN GUIDE

ST1

ST3

ME-00158

(3) Apply a coat of engine oil to the piston pin,
and then insert the piston pin into piston and
connecting rod through service hole.
(4) Install the snap ring using needle nose plier.

ST1

NOTE:
Use new snap rings.

ST2
ME-00157

17) Installing piston pin
(1) Apply a coat of engine oil to the ST3 before
insertion.
(2) Insert the ST3 into service hole to align piston pin hole with connecting rod small end.
ME-00159

ME(H4SO)-77

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

(5) Apply liquid gasket around the service hole
plug.

(6) Install the service hole plug and gasket.
NOTE:
Use a new gasket.

Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1215 (Part No. 004403007) or
equivalent

ME-00140

ME-00160
T2

(5)

T1
(6)

(3)

(4)
(7)

(2)
(1)

(3)
(2)

(1)
ME-00161

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Piston
Piston pin
Snap ring
Gasket

(5)
(6)
(7)

Service hole plug
Service hole cover
O-ring

(7) Turn the cylinder block to face the #3 and #4
piston side upward. Using the same procedures
as used for #1 and #2 cylinders, install the pistons and piston pins.

ME(H4SO)-78

Tightening torque: N⋅m (kgf-m, ft-lb)
T1: 6.4 (0.65, 4.7)
T2: 70 (7.1, 51.4)

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

18) Install the water pipe.

Tightening torque:
6.4 N⋅m (0.65 kgf-m, 4.7 ft-lb)

ME-00300

19) Install the baffle plate.

ME-00163

24) Install the flywheel or drive plate.
To lock the crankshaft, use ST.
ST 498497100
CRANKSHAFT STOPPER

Tightening torque:
6.4 N⋅m (0.65 kgf-m, 4.7 ft-lb)
20) Install the oil strainer and O-ring.
Tightening torque:
10 N⋅m (1.0 kgf-m, 7 ft-lb)
21) Install the oil strainer stay.
22) Apply liquid gasket to the matching surfaces,
and then install the oil pan.

Tightening torque:
72 N⋅m (7.3 kgf-m, 52.8 ft-lb)
• MT model

Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1215 (Part No. 004403007) or
equivalent
Tightening torque:
6.4 N⋅m (0.65 kgf-m, 4.7 ft-lb)
ST

NE-00297

• AT model

ME-00162

23) Apply liquid gasket to the matching surfaces,
and then install the oil separator cover.
Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1215 (Part No. 004403007) or
equivalent

ME-00298

NOTE:
Using STs, remove the flywheel. (2.5 L MT model)
ST1 498497100 CRANKSHAFT STOPPER

ME(H4SO)-79

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

ST2

499057000

TORX PLUS

(3) Apply a coat of engine oil to the inside of oil
seal.

(A)

ST1

ST2
ME-00382
ME-00312

(A) Flywheel

25) Install the housing cover.
26) Installation of oil pump
(1) Discard the front oil seal after removal. Replace with a new one using the ST.
ST 499587100
OIL SEAL INSTALLER

(4) Install the oil pump on cylinder block. Be
careful not to damage the oil seal during installation.
Tightening torque:
6.4 N⋅m (0.65 kgf-m, 4.7 ft-lb)
CAUTION:
• Be sure to install the O-ring and seal when installing oil pump.
• Align flat surface of oil pump’s inner rotor
with crankshaft before installation.
27) Install the water pump and gasket.
Tightening torque:
First; 12 N⋅m (1.2 kgf-m, 8.7 ft-lb)
Second; 12 N⋅m (1.2 kgf-m, 8.7 ft-lb)

ME-00164

(2) Apply liquid gasket to the matching surface
of oil pump.
Liquid gasket:
THREE BOND 1215 (Part No. 004403007) or
equivalent

CAUTION:
• Be sure to use a new gasket.
• When installing the water pump, tighten the
bolts in two stages in alphabetical sequence as
shown in the figure.
• Model without ATF warmer
(B)
(C)
(A)
(D)
(F)
(E)

(A)
ME-00333
ME-00165

(A) O-ring

ME(H4SO)-80

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

• Model with ATF warmer

NOTE:
Ensure the total “re-tightening angle” in the [former
two steps], do not exceed 90°.

(F)
(E)
(A)
(D)

(f)

(a)
(C)

(B)
(c)

(d)
ME-02017

28) Install the water by-pass pipe for heater.
29) Get a engine oil filter and apply a thin coat of
engine oil to the seal rubber.
30) Install the oil filter by turning it by hand, being
careful not to damage the seal rubber.
• Tighten the oil filter 80 mm (3.15 in) or 65 mm
(2.56 in) in diameter by approx. 2/3 — 3/4 rotation
more after the seal rubber of oil filter comes in contact with cylinder block or oil cooler.
• Tighten the oil filter 68 mm (2.68 in) in diameter
by approx. 1 rotation more after the seal rubber of
oil filter comes in contact with cylinder block or oil
cooler.
CAUTION:
Do not tighten excessively, or oil may leak.
31) Tighten the cylinder head bolts.
(1) Apply a coat of engine oil to washers and
bolt threads.
(2) Tighten all bolts to 29 N⋅m (3.0 kgf-m, 22 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
Then tighten all bolts to 69 N⋅m (7.0 kgf-m, 51 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
(3) Back off all bolts by 180° in reverse order of
installation, and back them off again by 180°.
(4) Tighten all bolts to 42 N⋅m (3.9 kgf-m, 31 ftlb) in alphabetical sequence.
(5) Tighten all bolts by 80° — 90° in alphabetical sequence.
(6) Tighten all bolts by 40° — 45° in alphabetical sequence.

(b)
(e)

ME-00279

32) Install the oil level gauge guide and tighten the
attaching bolt (left side only).
33) Install the rocker cover.
34) Install the crank sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)55, INSTALLATION, Crank Sprocket.>
35) Install the cam sprocket. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)53, INSTALLATION, Cam Sprocket.>
36) Install the timing belt assembly. <Ref. to
ME(H4SO)-49, INSTALLATION, Timing Belt.>
37) Install the belt cover. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-47,
INSTALLATION, Timing Belt Cover.>
38) Install the crank pulley. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-45,
INSTALLATION, Crank Pulley.>
39) Install the generator and A/C compressor
brackets on cylinder head.
40) Install the V-belt. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-43, INSTALLATION, V-belt.>
41) Install the intake manifold. <Ref. to FU(H4SO)16, INSTALLATION, Intake Manifold.>

NOTE:
Do not tighten the bolts more than 45°.
(7) Further tighten bolts (a) and (b) by 40° —
45°.

ME(H4SO)-81

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

C: DISASSEMBLY
(1)
(2)

(2)

(5)
(4)

(3)
(6)

ME-00168

(1)
(2)

Connecting rod cap
Connecting rod bearing

(3)
(4)

Top ring
Second ring

1) Remove the connecting rod cap.
2) Remove the connecting rod bearing.
NOTE:
Arrange the removed connecting rod, connecting
rod cap and bearing in order to prevent confusion.
3) Remove the piston rings using the piston ring expander.
4) Remove the oil ring by hand.
NOTE:
Arrange the removed piston rings in good order to
prevent confusion.
5) Remove the snap ring.

ME(H4SO)-82

(5)
(6)

Oil ring
Snap ring

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

D: ASSEMBLY
(3)
T

(1)

(1)
(2)

(4)
(5)

(8)

(6)

(7)
ME-00392

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Connecting rod bearing
Connecting rod
Connecting rod cap
Oil ring

(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

Second ring
Top ring
Snap ring
Side mark

1) Apply oil to the surfaces of the connecting rod
bearings.
2) Install the connecting rod bearings on connecting rods and connecting rod caps.
3) Position each connecting rod with the marked
side facing forward, and then install them.
4) Install the connecting rod cap with connecting
rod nut.
Ensure the arrow on connecting rod cap faces the
front during installation.
CAUTION:
• Each connecting rod has its own mating cap.
Make sure that they are assembled correctly by
checking their matching number.
• When tightening the connecting rod nuts, apply oil on the threads.
5) Install the expander, lower rail and upper rail in
this order by hand. Then install the second ring and
top ring with a piston ring expander.

ME(H4SO)-83

Tightening torque: N⋅m (kgf-m, ft-lb)
T: 45 (4.6, 33)

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

E: INSPECTION
1. CYLINDER BLOCK
1) Visually check for cracks and damage. Especially, inspect the important parts by means of red lead
check.
2) Check the oil passages for clogging.
3) Inspect the crankcase surface that mates with
cylinder head for warping by using a straight edge,
and correct by grinding if necessary.
Warping limit:
0.05 mm (0.0020 in)

Standard diameter:
2.0 L model
A: 92.005 — 92.015 mm (3.6222 — 3.6226
in)
B: 91.995 — 92.005 mm (3.6218 — 3.6222
in)
2.5 L model
A: 99.505 — 99.515 mm (3.9175 — 3.9179
in)
B: 99.495 — 99.505 mm (3.9171 — 3.9175
in)

Grinding limit:
0.1 mm (0.004 in)
Standard height of cylinder block:
201.0 mm (7.91 in)

2. CYLINDER AND PISTON
1) The cylinder bore size is stamped on cylinder
block’s front upper surface.
(B)

#5

4

5

#4

5

4

(A)

NOTE:
• Measurement should be performed at a temperature 20°C (68°F).
• Standard sized pistons are classified into two
grades, “A” and “B”. These grades should be used
as a guide line in selecting a standard piston.

A

A

#1

B

#2

(F)

B

#3
(D)

(E) (C)
ME-00170

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
(F)

Main journal size mark
Cylinder block RH-LH combination mark
#1 cylinder bore size mark
#2 cylinder bore size mark
#3 cylinder bore size mark
#4 cylinder bore size mark

2) How to measure the inner diameter of each cylinder
Measure the inner diameter of each cylinder in both
the thrust and piston pin directions at the heights
shown in the figure, using a cylinder bore gauge.
NOTE:
Measurement should be performed at a temperature 20°C (68°F).
Taper:
Standard
0.015 mm (0.0006 in)
Limit
0.050 mm (0.0020 in)

ME(H4SO)-84

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

Out-of-roundness:
Standard
0.010 mm (0.0004 in)
Limit
0.050 mm (0.0020 in)
(A)

Piston outer diameter:
Standard:
2.0 L model
A: 91.985 — 91.995 mm (3.6214 — 3.6218 in)
B: 91.975 — 91.985 mm (3.6211 — 3.6214 in)
0.25 mm (0.0098 in) oversize
92.225 — 92.235 mm (3.6309 — 3.6313 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in) oversize
92.475 — 92.485 mm (3.6407 — 3.6411 in)

(B)

2.5 L model
A: 99.485 — 99.495 mm (3.9167 — 3.9171 in)
B: 99.475 — 99.485 mm (3.9163 — 3.9167 in)
0.25 mm (0.0098 in) oversize
99.725 — 99.735 mm (3.9262 — 3.9266 in)
0.50 mm (0.0197 in) oversize
99.975 — 99.985 mm (3.9360 — 3.9364 in)
H1
H2
H3
H4

H
ME-00171
ME-00172

(A) Piston pin direction
(B) Thrust direction
H1 10 mm (0.39 in)
H2 45 mm (1.77 in)
H3 80 mm (3.15 in)
H4 115 mm (4.35 in)

5) Calculate the clearance between cylinder and
piston.
NOTE:
Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).

3) When the piston is to be replaced due to general
or cylinder wear, determine a suitable sized piston
by measuring the piston clearance.
4) How to measure the outer diameter of each piston
Measure the outer diameter of each piston at the
height shown in the figure. (Thrust direction)
NOTE:
Measurement should be performed at a temperature of 20°C (68°F).
Piston grade point H:
2.0 L model
40.0 mm (1.575 in)
2.5 L model
37.0 mm (1.457 in)

Cylinder to piston clearance at 20°C (68°F):
Standard
0.010 — 0.030 mm (0.0004 — 0.0012 in)
Limit
0.050 mm (0.0020 in)
6) Boring and honing
(1) If the value of taper, out-of-roundness, or
cylinder-to-piston clearance measured exceeds
the specified limit or if there is any damage on
the cylinder wall, rebore it to use an oversize piston.
CAUTION:
When any of the cylinders needs reboring, all
other cylinders must be bored at the same time,
and use oversize pistons. Do not perform boring on one cylinder only, nor use an oversize
piston for one cylinder only.
(2) If the cylinder inner diameter exceeds the
limit after boring and honing, replace the crankcase.

ME(H4SO)-85

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

NOTE:
Immediately after reboring, the cylinder diameter
may differ from its real diameter due to temperature
rise. Thus, pay attention to this when measuring
the cylinder diameter.

4) Check the circlip installation groove (A) on piston
for burr. If necessary, remove the burr from groove
so that piston pin can lightly move.

Limit of cylinder enlarging (boring):
0.5 mm (0.020 in)

(A)

3. PISTON AND PISTON PIN
1) Check the pistons and piston pins for damage,
cracks, and wear and the piston ring grooves for
wear and damage. Replace if defective.
2) Measure the piston-to-cylinder clearance at
each cylinder. <Ref. to ME(H4SO)-84, CYLINDER
AND PISTON, INSPECTION, Cylinder Block.> If
any of the clearances is not to specification, replace the piston or bore the cylinder to use an oversize piston.
3) Make the sure that piston pin can be inserted
into piston pin hole with a thumb at 20°C (68°F).
Replace if defective.
Standard clearance between piston pin and
hole in piston:
Standard
0.004 — 0.008 mm (0.0002 — 0.0003 in)
Limit
0.020 mm (0.0008 in)

ME-00175

5) Check the piston pin circlip for distortion, cracks
and wear.

4. PISTON RING
1) If the piston ring is broken, damaged, or worn, or
if its tension is insufficient, or when the piston is replaced, replace the piston ring with a new one of
the same size as the piston.
CAUTION:
• Marks are shown on the end of top and second rings. When installing the rings to piston,
face these marks upward.
• Oil ring is composed of upper rail, expander
and lower rail. Be careful of the rail direction
when installing oil ring to the piston.

(A)
(B)
(C)
ME-00173

(A)

(B)

(C)

ME-00174
ME-00375

(A) Upper rail
(B) Expander
(C) Lower rail

ME(H4SO)-86

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

2) Clean the piston ring groove and piston ring.
3) Squarely place the piston ring and oil ring in cylinder, and then measure the piston ring gap with a
thickness gauge.

Top ring
Piston
ring gap

Second
ring

2.0 L
2.5 L

Oil ring rail

Limit of bend or twist per 100 mm (3.94 in) in
length:
0.10 mm (0.0039 in)

Unit: mm (in)
Standard
Limit
0.20 — 0.35
1.0
(0.0079 — 0.0138) (0.039)
0.35 — 0.50
(0.0138 — 0.0197)
1.0
(0.039)
0.37 — 0.52
(0.0146 — 0.0204)
0.20 — 0.50
1.5
(0.0079 — 0.0197) (0.059)

(A)

(B)

(A)

(B)

ME-00179

ME-00177

(A) Thickness gauge
(B) Connecting rod

4) Measure the clearance between piston ring and
piston ring groove with a thickness gauge.

Clearance
between piston ring and
piston ring
groove

Top ring
Second
ring

Standard
0.040 — 0.080
(0.0016 —
0.0031)
0.030 — 0.070
(0.0012 —
0.0028)

Unit: mm (in)
Limit
0.15 (0.0059)

0.15 (0.0059)

3) Install the connecting rod fitted with bearing to
crankshaft, and then measure the side clearance
(thrust clearance). Replace the connecting rod if
the side clearance exceeds the specified limit.
Connecting rod side clearance:
Standard
0.070 — 0.330 mm (0.0028 — 0.0130 in)
Limit
0.4 mm (0.016 in)

ME-00178
ME-00180

5. CONNECTING ROD
1) Replace the connecting rod, if the large or small
end thrust surface is damaged.
2) Check for bend or twist using a connecting rod
aligner. Replace the connecting rod if the bend or
twist exceeds the limit.

4) Inspect the connecting rod bearing for scar,
peeling, seizure, melting, wear, etc.
5) Measure the oil clearance on individual connecting rod bearings by means of plastigage. If any oil
clearance is not within specification, replace the
defective bearing with a new one of standard size
or undersize as necessary. (See the table below.)

ME(H4SO)-87

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

Connecting rod oil clearance:
Standard
0.0158 — 0.0438 mm (0.0006 — 0.0017 in)
Limit
0.05 mm (0.0020 in)

(2) Press the bushing with ST after applying oil
on the periphery of bushing.
ST 499037100
CONNECTING ROD BUSHING REMOVER AND INSTALLER

Unit: mm (in)
Bearing
Standard
0.03
(0.0012)
undersize
0.05
(0.0020)
undersize
0.25
(0.0098)
undersize

Bearing size
(Thickness at center)
1.492 — 1.501
(0.0587 — 0.0591)

51.984 — 52.000
(2.0466 — 2.0472)

1.510 — 1.513
(0.0594 — 0.0596)

51.954 — 51.970
(2.0454 — 2.0461)

1.520 — 1.523
(0.0598 — 0.0600)

51.934 — 51.950
(2.0446 — 2.0453)

1.620 — 1.623
(0.0638 — 0.0639)

51.734 — 51.750
(2.0368 — 2.0374)

Outer diameter of
crank pin

6) Inspect the bushing at connecting rod small end,
and replace if worn or damaged. Also measure the
piston pin clearance at connecting rod small end.
Clearance between piston pin and bushing:
Standard
0 — 0.022 mm (0 — 0.0009 in)
Limit
0.030 mm (0.0012 in)

ST

ME-00182

(3) Make two 3 mm (0.12 in) holes in bushing.
Ream the inside of bushing.
(4) After the completion of reaming, clean the
bushing to remove chips.

6. CRANKSHAFT AND CRANKSHAFT
BEARING
1) Clean the crankshaft completely and check for
cracks by means of red lead check etc., and replace if defective.
2) Measure the crankshaft bend, and correct or replace if it exceeds the limit.
NOTE:
If a suitable V-block is not available, install the #1
and #5 crankshaft bearing on cylinder block, position the crankshaft on these bearings and measure
the crankshaft bend using a dial gauge.
Crankshaft bend limit:
0.035 mm (0.0014 in)

ME-00181

ME-00183

ME-00174

7) Replacement procedure is as follows.
(1) Remove the bushing from connecting rod
with ST and press.

3) Inspect the crank journal and crank pin for wear.
If they are not within the specifications, replace the
bearing with a suitable (undersize) one, and then
replace or recondition the crankshaft as necessary.
When grinding the crank journal or crank pin, finish
them to specified dimensions according to the undersize bearing to be used.

ME(H4SO)-88

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL

Crank pin and crank journal:
Out-of-roundness
0.020 mm (0.0008 in) or less
Taper limit
0.07 mm (0.0028 in)
Grinding limit
0.250 mm (0.0098 in)

ME-00184

ME(H4SO)-89

Cylinder Block
MECHANICAL
Unit: mm (in)
Crank journal diameter
#1, #3
#2, #4, #5
59.992 — 60.008
59.992 — 60.008
(2.3619 — 2.3625)
(2.3619 — 2.3625)

2.0 L
51.984 — 52.000
(2.0466 — 2.0472)

2.5 L
51.984 — 52.000
(2.0466 — 2.0472)

Bearing size
(Thickness at
center)

1.998 — 2.011
(0.0787 — 0.0792)

2.000 — 2.013
(0.0787 — 0.0793)

1.492 — 1.501
(0.0587 — 0.0591)

1.490 — 1.502
(0.0587 — 0.0591)

Journal O.D.

59.962 — 59.978
(2.3607 — 2.3613)

59.962 — 59.978
(2.3607 — 2.3613)

51.954 — 51.970
(2.0454 — 2.0461)

51.954 — 51.970
(2.0454 — 2.0461)

Bearing size
(Thickness at
center)

2.017 — 2.020
(0.0794 — 0.0795)

2.019 — 2.022
(0.0795 — 0.0796)

1.510 — 1.513
(0.0594 — 0.0596)

1.504 — 1.512
(0.0592 — 0.0595)

Journal O.D.

59.942 — 59.958
(2.3599 — 2.3605)

59.942 — 59.958
(2.3599 — 2.3605)

51.934 — 51.950
(2.0446 — 2.0453)

51.934 — 51.950
(2.0446 — 2.0453)

Bearing size
(Thickness at
center)

2.027 — 2.030
(0.0798 — 0.0799)

2.029 — 2.032
(0.0799 — 0.0800)

1.520 — 1.523
(0.0598 — 0.0600)

1.514 — 1.522
(0.0596 — 0.0599)

Journal O.D.

59.742 — 59.758
(2.3520 — 2.3527)

59.742 — 59.758
(2.3520 — 2.3527)

51.734 — 51.750
(2.0368 — 2.0374)

51.734 — 51.750
(2.0368 — 2.0374)

Bearing size
(Thickness at
center)

2.127 — 2.130
(0.0837 — 0.0839)

2.129 — 2.132
(0.0838 — 0.0839)

1.620 — 1.623
(0.0638 — 0.0639)

1.614 — 1.622
(0.0635 — 0.0639)

Journal O.D.
Standard

0.03 (0.0012)
undersize

0.05 (0.0020)
undersize

0.25 (0.0098)
undersize

O.D.: Outer Diameter
4) Measure the thrust clearance of crankshaft at
center bearing. If the clearance exceeds the limit,
replace bearing.
Crankshaft thrust clearance:
Standard
0.030 — 0.115 mm (0.0012 — 0.0045 in)
Limit
0.25 mm (0.0098 in)

#1
#2
#3
#4
#5

Crank pin diameter

Standard
Limit
Standard
Limit
Standard
Limit
Standard
Limit
Standard
Limit

ME-00322

5) Inspect the individual crankshaft bearings for
signs of flaking, seizure, melting, and wear.
6) Measure the oil clearance on each crankshaft
bearing by means of plastigage. If the measurement is not within the specification, replace the defective bearing with an undersize one, and then
replace or recondition the crankshaft as necessary.

ME(H4SO)-90

Unit: mm (in)
Crankshaft oil clearance
0.010 — 0.030 (0.0004 — 0.0012)
0.040 (0.0016)
0.010 — 0.030 (0.0004 — 0.0012)
0.045 (0.0018)
0.010 — 0.030 (0.0004 — 0.0012)
0.040 (0.0016)
0.010 — 0.030 (0.0004 — 0.0012)
0.045 (0.0018)
0.010 — 0.030 (0.0004 — 0.0012)
0.040 (0.0016)

Engine Trouble in General
MECHANICAL

22.Engine Trouble in General
A: INSPECTION
NOTE:
“RANK” shown in the chart refer to the possibility of reason for the trouble in order (“Very often” to “Rarely”)
A — Very often
B — Sometimes
C — Rarely
TROUBLE
1. Engine will not start.
1) Starter does not turn.

2) Initial combustion does
not occur.

3) Initial combustion occurs.

PROBLEM PARTS, ETC.
Starter

POSSIBLE CAUSE

Defective battery-to-starter harness
Defective starter switch
Defective inhibitor switch or neutral switch
Defective starter
Battery
Poor terminal connection
Run-down battery
Defective charging system
Friction
Seizure of crankshaft and connecting rod bearing
Seized camshaft
Seized or stuck piston and cylinder
Starter
Defective starter
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Fuel line
Defective fuel pump and relay
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Defective intake manifold gasket
Defective throttle body gasket
Fuel line
Defective fuel pump and relay
Clogged fuel line
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)

ME(H4SO)-91

RANK
B
C
C
B
A
A
B
C
C
C
C
A
A
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
B
C
B
B
A
B
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
B
C
B
B

Engine Trouble in General
MECHANICAL
TROUBLE
4) Engine stalls after initial
combustion.

2. Rough idle and engine
stall

PROBLEM PARTS, ETC.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked intake duct
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Defective intake manifold gasket
Defective throttle body gasket
Dirty air cleaner element
Fuel line
Clogged fuel line
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked intake duct
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Defective intake manifold gasket
Defective throttle body gasket
Defective PCV valve
Loosened oil filler cap
Dirty air cleaner element
Fuel line
Defective fuel pump and relay
Clogged fuel line
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)
Lubrication system
Incorrect oil pressure
Defective rocker cover gasket
Cooling system
Overheating
Others
Malfunction of evaporative emission control system
Stuck or damaged throttle valve
Accelerator cable out of adjustment

ME(H4SO)-92

RANK
A
B
C
C
B
B
C
C
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
B
C
B
B
A
A
A
A
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
B
C
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
A
B
B
C
C
A
B
C

Engine Trouble in General
MECHANICAL
TROUBLE
3. Low output, hesitation and
poor acceleration

4. Surging

PROBLEM PARTS, ETC.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked intake duct
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Defective intake manifold gasket
Defective throttle body gasket
Defective PCV valve
Loosened oil filler cap
Dirty air cleaner element
Fuel line
Defective fuel pump and relay
Clogged fuel line
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)
Lubrication system
Incorrect oil pressure
Cooling system
Overheating
Over cooling
Others
Malfunction of evaporative emission control system
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked intake duct
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Defective intake manifold gasket
Defective throttle body gasket
Defective PCV valve
Loosened oil filler cap
Dirty air cleaner element
Fuel line
Defective fuel pump and relay
Clogged fuel line
Lack of or insufficient fuel
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Improper engine oil (low viscosity)
Cooling system
Overheating
Others
Malfunction of evaporative emission control system

ME(H4SO)-93

RANK
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
A
B
B
C
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
C
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
B
B
C

Engine Trouble in General
MECHANICAL
TROUBLE
5. Engine does not return to
idle.

6. Dieseling (Run-on)

7. After burning in exhaust
system

8. Knocking

9. Excessive engine oil consumption

PROBLEM PARTS, ETC.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Others
Stuck or damaged throttle valve
Accelerator cable out of adjustment
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Cooling system
Overheating
Others
Malfunction of evaporative emission control system
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened or cracked intake duct
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Loosened or cracked vacuum hose
Defective PCV valve
Loosened oil filler cap
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Lubrication system
Incorrect oil pressure
Cooling system
Over cooling
Others
Malfunction of evaporative emission control system
Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
Intake system
Loosened oil filler cap
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Incorrect valve timing
Cooling system
Overheating
Intake system
Loosened or cracked PCV hose
Defective PCV valve
Loosened oil filler cap
Compression
Defective valve stem
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Lubrication system
Loosened oil pump attaching bolts and defective gasket
Defective oil filter seal
Defective crankshaft oil seal
Defective rocker cover gasket
Loosened oil drain plug or defective gasket
Loosened oil pan fitting bolts or defective oil pan

ME(H4SO)-94

RANK
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
C
C
B
B
C
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
C
A
C
C
C
A
B
B
C
B
A
A
B
C
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B

Engine Trouble in General
MECHANICAL
TROUBLE
PROBLEM PARTS, ETC.
POSSIBLE CAUSE
10. Excessive fuel consump- Engine control system <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-2, Basic Diagnostics Procedure.>
tion
Intake system
Dirty air cleaner element
Belt
Defective timing
Compression
Incorrect valve clearance
Loosened spark plugs or defective gasket
Loosened cylinder head bolts or defective gasket
Improper valve seating
Defective valve stem
Worn or broken valve spring
Worn or stuck piston rings, cylinder and piston
Incorrect valve timing
Lubrication system
Incorrect oil pressure
Cooling system
Over cooling
Others
Accelerator cable out of adjustment

ME(H4SO)-95

RANK
A
A
B
B
C
C
B
C
C
B
B
C
C
B

Engine Noise
MECHANICAL

23.Engine Noise
A: INSPECTION
Type of sound

Regular clicking sound

Heavy and dull clank

High-pitched clank (Spark
knock)

Clank when engine speed is
medium (1,000 to 2,000 rpm).

Knocking sound when engine
is operating under idling speed
and engine is warm

Squeaky sound
Rubbing sound
Gear scream when starting
engine
Sound like polishing glass with
a dry cloth
Hissing sound
Timing belt noise
Valve tappet noise

Condition

Possible cause
• Valve mechanism is defective.
• Incorrect valve clearance
Sound increases as engine
• Worn valve rocker
speed increases.
• Worn camshaft
• Broken valve spring
• Worn crankshaft main bearing
Oil pressure is low.
• Worn connecting rod bearing (big end)
• Loose flywheel mounting bolts
Oil pressure is normal.
• Damaged engine mounting
• Ignition timing advanced
Sound is noticeable when
• Accumulation of carbon inside combustion chamber
accelerating with an overload. • Wrong spark plug
• Improper gasoline
Sound is reduced when fuel
• Worn crankshaft main bearing
injector connector of noisy cyl- • Worn bearing at crankshaft end of connecting rod
inder is disconnected.
(NOTE*)
Sound is reduced when fuel
• Worn cylinder liner and piston ring
injector connector of noisy cyl- • Broken or stuck piston ring
inder is disconnected.
• Worn piston pin and hole at piston end of connecting rod
(NOTE*)
Sound is not reduced if each
• Unusually worn valve lifter
fuel injector connector is dis• Worn cam gear
connected in turn. (NOTE*)
• Worn camshaft journal bore in crankcase
—
Insufficient generator lubrication
—
Defective generator brush and rotor contact
• Defective ignition starter switch
—
• Worn gear and starter pinion
• Loose drive belt
—
• Defective water pump shaft
• Loss of compression
—
• Air leakage in air intake system, hoses, connections or manifolds
• Loose timing belt
—
• Belt contacting case/adjacent part
—
Incorrect valve clearance

NOTE*:
When disconnecting fuel injector connector, the malfunction indicator light illuminates and DTC is stored in ECM memory.
Therefore, carry out the clear memory mode <Ref. to EN(H4SO)-44, OPERATION, Clear Memory Mode.> and inspection mode
<Ref. to EN(H4SO)-37, OPERATION, Inspection Mode.> after connecting fuel injector connector.

ME(H4SO)-96